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Standard English is the type of English that is used by educated people
throughout the English-speaking world. It is a variety with distinctive features of
vocabulary and grammar, and not an accent (type of pronunciation); standard
English is therefore spoken by people with different accents. There is no authority
that decides what is standard English; it has acquired its value as the non-regional
variety used by people of social prestige. It is the English that is taught in the
education system of English-speaking countries and is also taught to foreigners; it is
the variety that appears in print and (for most serious purposes) in the spoken
language of the mass media.
Standard English is not completely uniform. There are differences between
the national standards (e.g. in Britain, America, and Australia) and also variation
within each English-speaking country. For example, within the British standard,
there are features typical of Northern England, Scotland, and Northern Ireland. The
most firmly established national standards are British and American English, the
others tending to follow the usage of these two. Differences in spelling and
punctuation between the two standards are relatively minor; more occur in
grammar, and more still in vocabulary. We point out many differences under
general entries, such as SPELLING, and under individual words.
In many areas of the world English is not a native language, but a second
language with official status used in education and administration and for
communication between speakers of other languages. Second language speakers
have also contributed a considerable quantity of creative writing in English.
Most of the countries where English is a second language were formerly
British territories (e.g. India, Nigeria, and Ghana). Many people in these countries
think of themselves as speaking British English, but their use of the language
diverges considerably from the British standard English, and not only in
pronunciation. It is possible that some national varieties such as Indian and Nigerian
English will eventually acquire independent norms and then have their own national
standards. It is to be hoped that the varieties of English will not diverge to the extent
of impeding international communication in English.
