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HUDSON, HENRY
Henry Hudson (1565-1611) was an English explorer and navigator who sailed to northern North America four times. He had been hired by the Muscovy Company to find a Northwest passage (a waterway cutting through through northern North America) that would take traders across North America to Asia. After failing to find a waterway through the far northern portion of North America on two trips, he was hired by the Dutch East India Company to try farther south. On this trip, Hudson found what is now called the Hudson River. Hudson is credited with discovering the location which is now New York City (although da Verrazano had previously sailed by the area in 1524). Hudson sailed into New York's harbor on September 3, 1609 and noted what an excellent harbor it was. Hudson sailed up the river about 150 miles (240 km) and noted the abundance of rich land, but realized that this was not a waterway to India. His reports resulted in many Dutch settlements in the area. A 1610-1611 trip through the Hudson Strait and into Hudson Bay ended in a mutiny. Hudson died in 1611 after his crew mutinied and left Hudson, his son, and seven crew members adfrift in a small, open boat in Hudson Bay. The Hudson River, Hudson Strait, and Hudson Bay are named for Hudson.

Roald Amundsen.

Roald Amundsen, born in 1872 near Oslo, Norway, left his mark on the Heroic Era as one of the most successful polar explorers ever born. His career of adventure began at the age of 15, originally studying medicine, but dropping out to go to sea where he soon moved his way up to the rank of mate. His first experience in the Antarctic was with Adrien de Gerlache's 1899 BELGICA EXPEDITION. He became the first to travel the Northwest Passage, in his ship Gjoa in 1903-06. After this expedition, plans were assembled to drift across the North Pole in Nansen's famous FRAM, but news arrived of Peary's successful attainment of the pole which caused Amundsen to make new plans--covert plans--for an expedition to the Antarctic and the subsequent capture of the South Pole. On December 14, 1911, Amundsen and four others stood at the South Pole, a month before Robert Scott. This expedition was an incredible masterpiece of organization.

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