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КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 2
Вариант 2
Задание 1. Просмотрите отрывок из текста THE TELEGRAPH, Communicating at a distance...

In the first half of the nineteenth century optical telegraphs became widespread. The invention of the optical telegraph is usually attributed to the Chappe brothers in France. At the top of an upright pole they fixed a transverse bar with two semaphores at its ends. The positions of the semaphore stood for words or letters. In Russia Kulibin invented an even simpler version of this telegraph at about the same time. But the Tsarist authorities buried Kulibin's project in the arсhives and later paid the Chappes 120,000 rubles for the right to use their telegraph!
Meanwhile, in many countries advances were being made in electric telegraphy. In 1802 the Spanish engineer Francisco Salve proposed a telegraph based on the newly-discovered fact that an electric current decomposes certain liquids into their constituent ele¬ments.
In 1800 the system was improved by the German scientist Soemmering, who reduced the number of wires. But the electrolytic telegraph never became widespread because of the difficulty of reading the signals.
In 1820 the Danish physicist Oersted made an important discovery. He found that an electric current passing through a wire deflects a magnetic needle nearby.
The French electrical engineer Ampere was quick to see that this discovery could be used for telegraphy, but he too proposed using as many wires and needles, as there are letters in the alphabet. Such a telegraph would, of course, be too complicated and expensive. That was probably why Ampere never put his idea into practice.
The first practical electromagnetic telegraph was invented by the Russian scientist Pavel Shilling in 1828. His apparatus had six magnetic needles hanging at the ends of silk threads. Above the needles there were little circles, white on one side and black on the other. The electric signals caused one or several of the needles to turn, the circles turning with them. The combination of white and black circles seen by the operator corresponded to a certain letter of the alphabet. In 1832 Shilling established telegraph communication of this type between the Winter Palace and the Ministry of Transport in St. Petersburg. The first public demonstration of the electric telegraph took place on October 21, 1832. Shilling also proposed establishing another, longer, line between St. Petersburg and Kronshtadt. But while the question was being debated by officials, the inventor died and the matter was dropped.
To Shilling belong the prophetic words: I think it is no exaggeration to say that this telegraph, which transmits messages at almost the speed of thought, will have a decisive influence on commerce, war and politics in all countries.

.Задание 2. Выпишите из текста незнакомые слова, укажите их словарную форму, транскрипцию, словарный и контекстуальный переводы.
(Например, were transmitted – to transmit – передавать, пересылать – пересылались)
Задание 3. Выпишите три слова, которые можно считать терминами.
Задание 4. Выпишите два слова греческого происхождения и два слова латинского происхождения, переведите их. Уточните правильность выбора по словарю иностранных слов на русском языке.
Задание 5. Выпишите и проанализируйте все сказуемые главного (и придаточного) предложения в первом и втором абзацах текста по схеме (наклонение, время, вид, залог) с переводом на русский язык.
(Например, had been said – изъявительное наклонение, прошедшее время, совершенный вид, страдательный залог)
Задание 6.Выпишите пять местоимений из текста с переводом. Укажите, как называются эти местоимения. (Например, this - этот /указательное/ )
Задание 7. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на существительные в роли определения.
silk thread, telegraph communication.
Задание 8. Напишите прилагательные в сравнительной и превосходной степенях
expensive, little, simple.