Дети в России в 19 веке. Дали д/з по истории. Работали ли дети в 19 веке в России? и если да, то на каких работах?

У всех на руси были большие семьи (по много детей )--занимались в основном земледелием. От мала до великого--знал свою работу. В пять лет дети уже пасли коров, овец. Могли доить коров. Кто постарше с родителями вместе обрабатывали поля на лошадях, пахали земли, сажали и ухаживали за урожаем. Приходило время--начинали убирать урожай. Зимой делали другие работы--ткали ткани, крутили на веретене нити--вязали одежду--И ДЕТИ С ПЕЛЁНОК УЖЕ ПОМОГАЛИ РОДИТЕЛЯМ ВО ВСЁМ !!!

Everyone in Russia were large families (many children )--were mainly engaged in agriculture. From small to great-knew their job. In five years the children were tending cows, sheep. Could milk the cows. Who are older along with their parents cultivated the fields with horses, plowed the land, planted and cared for the crop. The time came--started to harvest. Winter was doing other work--weaving fabric, spun on the spindle of the yarn--knit clothes--AND CHILDREN FROM the CRADLE has HELPED PARENTS ALL over !!!

У всех на руси были большие семьи (по много детей )—занимались в основном земледелием. От мала до великого — знал свою работу. В пять лет дети уже пасли коров, овец. Могли доить коров. Кто постарше с родителями вместе обрабатывали поля на лошадях, пахали земли, сажали и ухаживали за урожаем. Приходило время — начинали убирать урожай. Зимой делали другие работы — ткали ткани, крутили на веретене нити — вязали одежду — И ДЕТИ С ПЕЛНОК УЖЕ ПОМОГАЛИ РОДИТЕЛЯМ ВО ВСМ !!!
Everyone in Russia were large families (many children )—were mainly engaged in agriculture. From small to great-knew their job. In five years the children were tending cows, sheep. Could milk the cows. Who are older along with their parents cultivated the fields with horses, plowed the land, planted and cared for the crop. The time came—started to harvest. Winter was doing other work—weaving fabric, spun on the spindle of the yarn—knit clothes—AND CHILDREN FROM the CRADLE has HELPED PARENTS ALL over !!!

На английском

Child labor in factories (plants), mining has been common in many industrialized countries in Europe and America in the XIX century. Children worked alongside adults up to 14-18 hours a day (sometimes with 5-6 years of age), with them paying for it is several times less. There there were many restrictive internal regulations, for example, forbidden to look in the window at the workplace (which hung from grates or covers on the windows), to play in the breaks for meals.
In Britain, there were more workhouses, where the poor (children and adults) worked forcibly to close the prison conditions. On the most difficult conditions of child labor, he wrote British historian Henry Dzhibbings (Eng.) In the book "Industrial History of England". [4] One of the first attention to the problem of child labor in Britain drew the famous reformer Robert Owen - in 1816 he acted on this in Parliament. Since the end of the XVIII century, and during the XIX future of craft apprentices ( "British slaves," as the writer called them) are usually recruited in workhouses, and when they fall into the "doctrine" in urban factories, do not receive any salary, clothes. Hours of work were limited to only complete exhaustion after the use of various coercive methods to continue working (for example, after beating overseers). Children often worked up to 16 hours, sometimes at night, and on Sunday a clean machine. They fed their very cheap and bad food that was often also to feed the pigs. They slept on dirty beds alternately. Some tried to escape from the factory, and to alert the flight, suspected of this intention children shackle: they worked and slept in chains. Subjected to the same treatment, and young women. Many, unable to withstand overwork, died, and was buried at night in some wild place, so that people could not know the extent of this "slavery". Some kill themselves

На английском

Child labor in factories (plants), mining has been common in many industrialized countries in Europe and America in the XIX century. Children worked alongside adults up to 14-18 hours a day (sometimes with 5-6 years of age), with them paying for it is several times less. There there were many restrictive internal regulations, for example, forbidden to look in the window at the workplace (which hung from grates or covers on the windows), to play in the breaks for meals.
In Britain, there were more workhouses, where the poor (children and adults) worked forcibly to close the prison conditions. On the most difficult conditions of child labor, he wrote British historian Henry Dzhibbings (Eng.) In the book "Industrial History of England". [4] One of the first attention to the problem of child labor in Britain drew the famous reformer Robert Owen - in 1816 he acted on this in Parliament. Since the end of the XVIII century, and during the XIX future of craft apprentices ( "British slaves," as the writer called them) are usually recruited in workhouses, and when they fall into the "doctrine" in urban factories, do not receive any salary, clothes. Hours of work were limited to only complete exhaustion after the use of various coercive methods to continue working (for example, after beating overseers). Children often worked up to 16 hours, sometimes at night, and on Sunday a clean machine. They fed their very cheap and bad food that was often also to feed the pigs. They slept on dirty beds alternately. Some tried to escape from the factory, and to alert the flight, suspected of this intention children shackle: they worked and slept in chains. Subjected to the same treatment, and young women. Many, unable to withstand overwork, died, and was buried at night in some wild place, so that people could not know the extent of this "slavery". Some kill themselves

Детский труд на фабриках (заводах) , шахтах был обычным явлением во многих промышленно развитых странах Европы и Америки в XIX веке. Дети трудились наравне со взрослыми до 14-18 часов в сутки (иногда с 5-6-летнего возраста) , причём им платили за это в несколько раз меньше. Там существовало множество запретительных правил внутреннего распорядка, например, запрещалось смотреть в окно на рабочем месте (для чего на окнах висели решётки или заглушки) , играть в перерывах на еду.
В Британии ещё существовали работные дома, где нищие (взрослые и дети) трудились принудительно в близких к тюремным условиях. О тяжелейших условиях детского труда писал английский историк Генри Джиббингс (англ. ) в книге «Промышленная история Англии» [4]. Одним из первых внимание к проблеме детского труда в Британии привлёк знаменитый реформатор Роберт Оуэн — в 1816 г. он выступал об этом в Парламенте. С конца XVIII века и на протяжении XIX будущих ремесленных учеников («английских рабов» , как называл их писатель) обычно набирали в работных домах, и, когда они попадали в «учение» на городские фабрики, то не получали никакого жалования, одежды. Часы труда были ограничены лишь полным истощением сил после применения различных принудительных способов к продолжению работы (например, после побоев надсмотрщиков) . Дети часто работали до 16 часов подряд, иногда ночью, а в воскресенье чистили машины. Кормили их самой дешёвой и плохой пищей, которая часто шла также на корм свиньям. Спали они поочерёдно на грязных постелях. Некоторые пытались бежать с фабрики, и чтобы предупредить бегства, заподозренных в этом намерении детей заковывали в кандалы: они работали и спали в цепях. Такому же обращению подвергались и молодые женщины. Многие, не выдержав непосильного труда, умирали, и их хоронили по ночам в каком-нибудь глухом месте, чтобы народ не мог узнать масштабов такого «рабства» . Некоторые кончали с собой