4. Ответьте на вопросы 1. What does agricultural engineering mean? 2. How is equipment for handling milk operated?

3. Why are
electricians wanted in modern agriculture?

4. How must
farm machines be designed?

5. Can
radiation affect crops or animals?
1. Agricultural engineering means the application of engineering knowledge in agriculture.

The agricultural engineer must understand that there are basic differences

between agriculture and other industries. The biological factor is an important one in

engineering applications, and the engineer must know well the basic principles and

practices of agriculture

2. Changes in agricultural practices often need to make a machine adaptable or to

increase its effectiveness. Processing equipment may also need changes to harvest

crops mechanically, as the quality of yield of a crop may sometimes be reduced by

the use of an improper machine.

3. Most field operations are seasonable in nature often with only a short period of time

in which to do the job. Therefore field machinery in many cases has a low annual

duty (i. e. very few hours of operation per year).

4. The field of farm machinery design gives greater opportunity to an engineer than any

other field of engineering. Farm machines must work where the temperature may be

above 100°F or where it is below freezing. They must be able to work in rain and in

snow as well. Instead of resting on the floor of a factory, they must operate over any

kind of land. They must also be designed to handle wide variations in crop and soil

conditions.

5. Not only agricultural engineers in the field of mechanization are in demand on

the farm today. Electricians, i. e. agricultural engineers, capable of designing,

operating, controlling and adapting any form of electric energy to farm needs are

wanted by modern agriculture.

7. For example, it is a most reasonable source of mechanical power for some kinds of

equipment such as electric motors which are very suited for farm jobs because of

their automatic control, long life, compact construction, ability to run in cold or hot

weather, etc.

8. All kinds of equipment for handling milk, such as milking machines, milk coolers,

water heaters and others are also operated by electricity.

9. The great effects of various types of radiation on seeds, plants, insects and animals

have been studied and are well known today. Those are but a few examples of

electric power application on the farm which a modern engineer must work with.