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Rostov-on-Don is the city and the administrative center of Rostov Oblast and the Southern Federal District of Russia, located on the Don River, just 46 km from the Sea of Azov. Population: 1,068,267 (2002 Census); 1,019,305 (1989 Census).

History
The mouth of the Don River has been of great commercial and cultural importance since the ancient times. It was the site of the Greek colony Tanais, of the Genoese fort Tana, and of the Turkish fortress Azak. (See the article on Azov for detailed information on those settlements.)
Rostov-on-Don was founded on December 15, 1749, as a customs house was set up on the Temernik (a tributary of the Don) to control the trade with Turkey. The custom house was built according to the edict of the Empress Elizabeth, the daughter of Peter the Great. Not far from the customhouse grew the fortress. It was named after Russian metropolitan, Saint Dimitry of Rostov, a newly-glorified bishop from the old Northern town Rostov the Great. Later the name was changed to Rostov (in 1806) and then to Rostov-on-Don. As Azov gradually declined, a settlement near the new fortress superseded it in importance as a chief commercial centre of the region. In 1756 the "Russian commercial and trading company of Constantinople" set up there, establishing a settlement on the high bank of the Don known as the "Kupecheskaya Sloboda" ("The merchants' settlement"). In 1796 this settlement received town rights and was renamed Rostov-on-Don, in order to distinguish it from its ancient namesake.

Famous people

* Irina Allegrova (1952) – a Russian pop singer.
* Amatuni, Petroniy Gai (1916-1982) – a Soviet writer of fantastic stories.
* Yuri Bashmet (1953) – a famous Russian viola-player, conductor.
* Ivan Afanasyevich Bondarenko (1926-2009) – a Soviet time political and public figure, the first secretary of the Rostov Region Committee of C.P.S.U. (1966-1984). Hero of the Socialistic Labour, Honorary citizen of the city of Rostov-on-Don.
* Mikhail Ilyich Bushnov (1923) – a Soviet and Russian theatre and movies actor, People's artist of the USSR (1985), “Golden mask” Prize winner.
* Dmitry Chaplin (1982) - professional ballroom dancer on Dancing with the Stars, on the ABC television network in the US.
* Dmitrii Aleksandrovich Dibrov (1959) – a famous Russian journalist, TV presenter and musician.
* Natalia Duritskaya (1960) – a Russian painter.

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