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With the help of H2O, or water, the Earth’s atmosphere has the ability to store heat. When heat is stored, it is referred to as Latent heat. As water evaporates off of the surface of a lake, this stored heat is carried into the atmosphere. As water condenses forming rain drops, this heat is returned back to the Earth. In other terms, the quantity of heat absorbed or released by a substance undergoing a change of state, such as ice changing to water or water to steam, at constant temperature and pressure is known as Latent heat. When a substance changes phase, i.e. it goes from either a solid to a liquid or liquid to gas, it requires energy to do so. Latent heat is absorbed upon evaporation, and released upon condensation to liquid (as in clouds). Latent heat is also absorbed when water melts, and released when it freezes. It cannot be measured by a thermometer. It is measured as an amount of joules, rather than as a temperature.
Latent heat is a heat change associated with a change of state or phase. It is also called heat of transformation. It is the heat given up or absorbed by a unit mass of a substance as it changes from a solid to a liquid, from a liquid to a gas, or the reverse of either of these changes. It is called latent because it is not associated with a change in temperature. Each substance has a characteristic heat of fusion, associated with the solid-liquid transition, and a characteristic heat of vaporization, associated with the liquid-gas transition. The latent heat of fusion for ice is 80 calories per gram. This amount of heat is absorbed by each gram of ice in melting or is given up by each gram of water in freezing. The latent heat of vaporization of steam is 540 calories per gram, absorbed during vaporization or given up during condensation. For a substance going directly from the solid to the gas state, or the reverse, the heat absorbed or given up is known as the latent heat of sublimation.