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The United States of America
After its 200th birthday the United States of America still holds the lead-
ing position in the western world. A country that inspired many appelations —
"Land of Opportunity," "Melting Pot," "God's Country," is still referred to us as
a land of superlatives — "the richest," "the greatest," "the most." What makes
the USA the leader of the western world is its economic, political and military
dominance over other countries.
The United States lies in the central part of the North American Continent
between the two oceans: the Atlantic Ocean to the East and the Pacific Ocean to
the West. Friendly Canada to the north and friendly Mexico to the south are the
only countries bordering it.
The USA consists of three separate parts. They are the Hawaiian Islands,
situated in the central part of the Pacific Ocean, Alaska separated by the Cana-
dian territory and the rest major part of the USA The states differ very much in
size, population and economic development There are many big cities and towns
in the USA: New York, San Francisco, Washington, Chicago, Los Angeles are
the biggest of them.
The United States of America is a parliamentary republic. The govern-
ment is divided into three branches: legislative (the US Congress), executive
(the President and his Administration) and judicial (the US Supreme Court).
There are two main political parties in the USA: the Democratic (symbol-
ized by a "donkey") and the Republican (its symbol is an "elephant"). The US
President is both head of state and government. He is elected for a four-year
term. Presidential elections are held every leap year on first Tuesday after first
Monday in November. The President is assisted by Secretaries who are the
heads of the executive departments.
The Supreme Court consists of Chief Justice and eight Associate Justices
who are appointed for life. It is supposed to decide whether a law of the Con-
gress or an executive order of the President is constitutional or not.
The form of US government is based on the Constitution of September 17, 1787,
adopted after the War of Independence. In. December 1791, the Congress
adopted ten amendments to the Constitution, known as the Bill of Rights. The
latter enumerated what the government controlled by the oligarchy was not go-
ing to be allowed to do, which was, of course, an important democratic gain for
people.
The Congress of the United-States is composed of two houses, the Senate
and the House of Representatives. The Senate represents the states and the
House represents the population according to its distribution among the states.
All states have electoral requirements of the same nature. First of all they are
residence requirements.
Through its power over the purse, the US Congress can control much that
relates to foreign policy, also it is a governmental body that determines taxation.
Each of the fifty states of the USA has a constitution patterned after the federal
Constitution, with its divisions of power: legislative, executive, and judicial. The
Presidency means not only a man: means an institution — the "executive
branch" of the government.
The Supreme Court is the highest court in the country and the head of the
judicial branch of US government. The federal and state courts have the power
of "judicial review." Also there are about ninety district courts in different parts of the United States. American judicial practice is firmly committed to the idea
of jury trials. The Constitution guarantees them for both criminal and civil cases.
According to the US judicial doctrine, “justice is a relationship in which each
citizen or group receives due respect and return”.
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