Английский язык. Грамматика

The Present Perfect Tense обозначает действие, которое завершилось к настоящему моменту или завершено в период настоящего времени (в этом году, на этой неделе. ) Хотя глаголы в the Present Perfect часто переводятся на русский язык в прошедшем времени, следует помнить, что в английском языке эти действия воспринимаются в настоящем времени, так как привязаны к настоящему результатом этого действия

Present Perfect Continuous употребляется:

1. Для выражения действия, которое началось в прошлом, продолжалось в течение некоторого периода до настоящего времени и все еще продолжается в настоящее время. В этом значении Present Perfect Continuous переводится на русский язык глаголом в настоящем времени:

Often there is very little difference between the present perfect simple and the present perfect continuous. In many cases, both are equally acceptable.

•They've been working here for a long time but Andy has worked here for even longer.
•I've lived here for 10 years and she has been living here for 12 years.
To emphasize the action, we use the continuous form.

•We've been working really hard for a couple of months.
•She's been having a hard time.
To emphasize the result of the action, we use the simple form.

•I've made fifteen phone calls this morning.
•He's written a very good report.
Look at the difference in these examples.

•I've been reading this book for two months but I've only read half of it. It's very difficult to read.
•She's been trying to convince him for 20 minutes but she hasn't managed to yet.
•They've been talking about this for month and they still haven't found a solution.
When an action is finished and you can see the results, use the continuous form.

•The phone bill is enormous. You've been calling your boyfriend in Australia, haven't you?
•You're red in the face. Have you been running?
When you use the words 'ever' or 'never', use the simple form.

•I don't know them. I've never met them.
•Have you ever heard anything so strange in your life.