How did William Shakespeare affect the English language? (какое влияние оказал шекспир на Английский язык?)

The English Renaissance was more about poetry, plays, and other kinds of writing than it was about architecture, sculpture, and painting in Italy. Also there is no great scientists in England on a par with Leonardo de Vinci The pre-eminent renaissance work that was published a few years before Shakespeare became active was "The Faerie Queene" an English epic poem by Edmund Spenser. It is an allegorical work, written in praise of Queen Elizabeth I. Largely symbolic, the poem follows several knights in an examination of several virtues. Spenser was granted a pension for life by Queen Elizabeth on account of this poem (50 pounds a year).In contrast most of Shakespeare's work is decidedly aimed at the masses. In his plays he mixed in fart jokes, vulgar puns, and comic routines about how drinking gives men a desire for sex, while it takes away their ability. Although his plays did please the queen, he was not aiming solely at the court, but he had in mind a commercial audience.He did base some of his work on the revival of interest in ancient Rome and Egypt, but the bulk of it had to do with contemporary England and relatively recent history-If you are interested in the English religious controveries of Shakespeare's era, you may decide that some are reflected in "Hamlet". People who held to the Roman tradition might believe in Purgatory, a place of suffering where sins committed in life were burned away, and where sufferings could be eased by purchasing the ministry of the church. Before the Reformation, this had helped make the relgious orders wealthy, and also sparked the founding of schools and hospitals where the beneficiaries were asked to pray for the sould of their benefactors. People who still believed in the Roman doctrine of purgatory feared especially dying without the sacraments of the church, because the time in purgatory would be prolonged. The English government church forbidden even praying for the dead. Probably many people didn't like this. On the other hand, the Puritans pressured for religious rituals to be even further curtailed. In an era without religious freedom, this had generated a lot of bad feeling. Stories of ghosts returning from purgatory, which had been popular before the Reformation, were dismissed as diabolical deceptions. For purposes of the plot, there is really no reason for Old Hamlet to talk about his being in torment or having died "with all his imperfections on his head" (i.e., unconfessed sins). Hamlet swears by Saint Patrick, who is sometimes described as the patron saint of Purgatory. Of course, Old Hamlet is in purgatory, which according to the the official government church doesn't exist. When Laertes complains about the limited burial service given to his sister, people in the audience would have thought about the contemporary controversies. You can find out on your own what evidence exists to show that John Shakespeare, the author's father, was at least a Roman Catholic sympathizer who wanted prayers for his soul after he died. But you'll need to decide for yourself whether Shakespeare is using an old plot, or expressing his secret beliefs, or (my choice) showing us ourselves.

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