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OXFORD
Town and gown
There has been a town where Oxford now stands for many centuries - even before 912, the 6rst written record of its existence.
The University began to establish itself in the middle of the 12th century, and by 1300 there were already 1,500 students. At this time, Oxford was a wealthy town, but by the middle of the 14th century, it was poorer, because of a decline in trade and because of the terrible plague, which killed many people in England. Relations between the students and the townspeople were very unfriendly and there was often fighting in the streets. On 10th February 1355, the festival of St Scholastica, a battle began which lasted two days. Sixty-two students were killed. The townspeople were punished for this in two ways: they had to walk through the town to attend a special service on every St Scholastics's day until 1825. Worse than this, the University was given control of the town for nearly 600 years.
Nowadays, there are about 12,000 students in Oxford, and the University and the town live happily side by side!
Oxford words
Oxford English Dictionary is well-
known to students of English everywhere. Some of the words are special Oxford words. For example, 'bulldog' in Oxford is the name given to University policemen who wear bowler hats and sometimes patrol the streets at night. They are very fast runners. 'Punt' is a word often used in both Oxford and Cambridge. It refers to a flat bottomed boat with sloping ends which is moved by pushing a long pole in the water.
Oxford University Press, the publishing house which produces the Oxford English Dictionary, has a special department called the Oxford Word and Language Service (OWLS for short). If you have a question about the meaning of a word or its origin, you can write or telephone, and the staff there will help you.
