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Summary
The article deals with phosphorus removal from wastewater. The purpose of this report is to give an overview of different methods for phosphorus removal from municipal wastewater. Focus is given to chemical precipitation and enhanced biological phosphorus removal although also other methods are discussed, namely, local treatment methods and ecological and natural treatment systems.
It is spoken in detail the basic removal mechanisms, process schemes and treatment results. In the report, a historical background is also given of phosphorus removal methods and trends in research and process design.
The need for better evaluation methods of different phosphorus removal processes is pointed out.
As the title implies «membrane bioreactor (MBR) as an advanced wastewater treatment technology» the other article describes to work by membrane bioreactor.
It is specially noted that the development and application of a membrane bioreactor for full-scale municipal wastewater treatment is the most important recent technological advance in terms of biological wastewater treatment.
It should be stressed that the MBR is a suspended growth-activated sludge system that utilizes micro porous membranes for solid-liquid separation instead of secondary clarifiers. The paper looks at recent research dealing with different configurations and hydraulics of MBR are presented, with attention given to the fouling phenomenon and strategies for reducing it.
Emphasis has been given to the improved capability of MBR to remove organic contaminants present at trace concentration levels, which to the authors’ knowledge represents a first attempt to summarize the published literature on this subject .
In conclusion, MBR represents an efficient and cost-effective process that copes excellently with the growing needs for transforming wastewater into clean water that can be returned to the hydrological cycle without detrimental effects