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At the heart of the Internet Protocol (IP) portion of TCP/IP is a concept called the Internet address. This 32-bit coding system assigns a | number to every node on the network. There are various types of addresses designed for networks of different sizes, but you can write every address with a series of numbers that identify the major network and the sub-networks to which a node is attached. Besides identifying a node, the address provides a path that gateways can use to route I information from one machine to another.
Although data-delivery systems like Ethernet or X.25 bring their packets to any machine electrically attached to the cable, the IP modules must know each other’s Internet addresses if they are to communicate. A machine acting as a gateway connecting different TCP/IP networks will have a different Internet address on each network. Internal look-up tables and software 20 based on another standard - called Resolution Protocol - are used to route the data through a gateway between networks.
Another piece of software works with the IP-layer programs to move information to the right 25 application on the receiving system. This software follows a standard called the User Datagram Protocol (UDP). You can think of the UDP software as creating a data address in the TCP/IP message that states exactly what application the и data block is supposed to contact at the address the IP software has described. The UDP software provides the final routing for the data within the receiving system.
The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) part of! 5 TCP/IP comes into operation once the packet is delivered to the correct Internet address and application port. Software packages that follow the TCP standard run on each machine, establish a connection to each other, and manage the 40 communication exchanges. A data-delivery system like Ethernet doesn’t promise to deliver a packet successfully. Neither IP nor UDP knows anything about recovering packets that aren’t successfully delivered, but TCP structures and 45 buffers the data flow, looks for responses and takes action to replace missing data blocks. This concept of data management is called reliable stream service.