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Ecology is the study of the relationships between living things and their environment. The term comes from two Greek words, oikos (which means "house" or "place to live") and logos (which means "study"). So ecology is the study of the "houses", or environments, of living organisms — all of their surroundings, including other animals and plants, climate, and soil. No one is sure when the word ecology was first coined, but German biologist Ernst Haeckel was the first to define it, in 1869.Although the science of ecology is a new one, people have been studying ecology and applying their knowledge of it for many thousands of years. Prehistoric people had to know something about the ecology of wheat and com before they could successfully raise crops of these plants. Theophrastus, an early Greek botanist, is sometimes called the "first true ecologist" because he was the first to write about plants in terms of their living places, or habitats, such as forest and marsh. The Indians of the North American plains knew a great deal about the ecology of the bison, on which their lives depended. Today we often use ecological knowledge without being aware of it; for example, when we want to have a lawn in a shady place, we plant seeds of a kind of grass that grows well in shade.For the most part, however, people do not think ecologically. When we see a bird or wildflower, our first question is: What is it? Most people are content to know the names of some of the living things around them in nature. Perhaps you are the sort of person who wonders further: What does it do? You may want to know the organism's role in its environment, and how it affects and is affected by other organisms. Ecologists wonder about the same things.