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ARPA became the answer to the rising American Cold war paranoia about
military inferiority, fueled not least by the Sputnik success. The agency was designed
to perform long term high risk / high payoff research and development, and in this
context put great emphasis on the development of the fledgling computer technology.
It was noted by ARPA that too many resources had been allocated by public and
private research in order to produce short-term advances in computer hardware and
software. The Agency realized that machines needed greater capability to interact
with each other to gather relevant information, solve problems, anticipate data
requirements, communicate effectively across distances, present information visually
and do all this automatically. Enormous work had to be done.