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ТЕКСТ LONDON.

London is the capital of the United Kingdom and the chief city of the
Commonwealth of Nations
1
. London is far more than the capital of Great Britain and
Northern Ireland and one of the largest cities of the world. In this great historic city
the modern is very close with the old, the great and the small live side by side in
pleasant harmony, and in every part of London’s complex and busy life one can find a
very genuine affection
2
for its traditions, its fortunes and its prosperity
(процветание) .
History. London is two thousand years old. Its history reaches back to Roman
times, and under their occupation Londinium became the most important trading and
road center in Britain. The original name of Londinium was Llin-dun – the town on
the lake (Latin version). In the 9
th
–11
th
centuries London continued to grow as a
political and commercial centre. But the invasion of Normans in 1066 brought about
profound (great) changes. Up to the 16
th
century London was that is now known as
the City (only one square mile), and at that time the migration from the city to the
suburbs began. The reasons were: the constantly increasing cost of building sites, and
soaring (растущие) rents, but nevertheless London continued to grow rapidly, mainly
in the 17
th
and 18
th
centuries and developed into Greater London or Country
3
. From
1801 to 1840 the population of London increased by one million.

In the 17
th
century London suffered two great catastrophes. In 1665 there was a
terrible plague (чума) , 100,000 people lost their lives; in 1666 the Great Fire
destroyed much of the city. It was one of the worst fires in history, but the baker’s
mistake did result in good
4
however, the slums (трущобы) of central London were
destroyed in a single week and the fire cleared the last traces of a previous disaster –
the Great Plague
5
.
Places of interest. There are a lot of places of interest in London. Almost every
building, church, street is London’s history. Today, the metropolis of Greater London
covers some 610 square miles (1580 sq. km.), the population is about 9 million.
London is divided into the City and 29 Boroughs (район, округ) and has three
governing bodies
6
: the City Corporation; the London Country Council and
Metropolitan Borough Councils, each of which has its own mayor, Aldermen (члены
муниципалитета) and Councellors.
Traditionally London is associated with the East End and West End. The East
End grew with the spread of industries and the growth of the port of London.
The West End is the area of central London with the main shopping and
entertainment centres, palaces, museums and galleries

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