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The United Kingdom is made up of four countries: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. Their capitals are London, Cardiff, Edinburgh and Belfast respectively. The names UK, Great Britain and England are often confused, even by U.K. inhabitants. England is just one country within the kingdom. . The country is divided into several counties, such as Avon, Cornwall, Devon(shire), Essex, Kent, Yorkshire, Norfolk and others

Now the UK is a constitutional monarchy. In law, the Head of State is the Monarch, now the Queen. In practice, the Queen reigns, but does not rule. The country is ruled by the elected government with the Prime Minister at the head. The British Parliament consists of two chambers: the House of Lords and the House of Commons.
There are three main political parties in Great Britain: the Labour, the Conservative and the Liberal parties.
The UK is one of the world's smaller countries. Its population is over 58 million. About 80% of the population live in cities.
The UK is a highly developed industrial country. It is known as one of the world's largest producers and exporters of machinery, electronics, textile, aircraft and navigation equipment. One of the chief industries of the country is shipbuilding.

Scotland is a land of scenic beauty. This is the land of tartans and fine whisky, of romantic castles and the melodies
of bagpipes. St Andrew`s cross is the national flag of Scotland. St Andrew is the patron saint of Scotland. The siymbol of Scotland is the thistle.
The total area of Scotland is 78,800 square kilometers. The landscape has many contrasts: mountains and lowlands, narrow valleys and coastal plains, as well as forests,rivers and lakes. Edinburgh, Scotland`s capital is very beautiful. The heart of the city is the castle where the kings of Scotland lived for senturies