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Abraham Lincoln

Abraham Lincoln is the most famous example of the "American dream". Many Americans think that in their country a man may rise from the lowest to the highest position in their land. That was exactly what Lincoln did.

He was born in 1809 in a small farm in Kentucky. When Abraham was quite young, the family moved to the wild forest land of Indiana. He hardly had any education; he only learned to read and write and do simple arithmetic. In 1830 Abraham left his father's farm and went to Springfield, Illinois. There he became a clerk in a store and worked hard to improve his education. In 1836 he became a lawyer.

He entered politics, too, and in 1834 became a candidate to the Parliament of Illinois. He soon became a force in the political life. In 1847 he went as a Congressman to the National Assembly (National Parliament).

Slavery was then becoming a burning question in American politics. Many people in the Northern states waited to abolish it; the Southern states opposed the abolition. The Southerners said that it weald mean economic rain for them. The reason was mat the prosperity of the South was based on cotton-growing, and only Negroes worked there. The Southerners threatened that if the North didn't cease its fight against slavery, the Southern states would leave the Union. They wanted to form an independent "Confederacy".

In 1860 Lincoln was elected President of the USA. In 1861 seven states left the Union and elected their own President, Jefferson Davis. The Confederacy was formed.

Lincoln was strongly against slavery and even more strongly against the break-up of the Union. In 1862 the American Civil War between the Norm and the South began.

At first the war went badly for the North. The Southerners headed by General Robert Lee and Colonel Jackson won some brilliant victories. But Lincoln did not lose courage. On April, 9 General Lee surrendered. The Civil War was over. Lincoln tried to convince former enemies mat they should live in peace.

On April, 14 the President and his wife visited a theatre in Washington. During the performance Lincoln was shot by an actor who supported Confederacy. Abraham Lincoln died next morning.

People admire Lincoln for political moderation. They admire him because he tried to preserve the nation. He is a symbol of American democracy.

William Somerset of Moem (William Maugham) (25.01.1874 - 16.12.1965) is the English writer.

William Moem borned on January, 25, 1874 in Paris, in family of lawyer of the Britannic embassy in France. Parents specially prepared births on territory of embassy, that a child had legal warrants to talk that borned on territory of Great Britain. In childhood Moem talked only in French, the English mastered only since in 11 years became an orphan and was sent away to the relatives in the English city Uitsteybl. To beginning of writer career attended Royal school in Kenterberi, after studied literature and philosophy in the Heidelberg university and medicine in London. Worked in the hospital of saint of Thomas in the poor quarter of London — this experience is reflected in the first novel of Moema «Liza from Lambeta» (1897). The first success on the walk of life of literature of Moemu was brought by the play of «Lady Frederic» (1907). In the first world war-time co-operated with MI-5, as an agent of Britannic secret service was sent to Russia. Work of secret service agent found a reflection in collection of short stories of «Eshenden, or the Britannic agent» (1928). After war Moem continued the successful career of dramatist, writing plays «Circle» (1921), «Sheppi» (1933). Novels of Moema were a success is «Burden of passions human» (1915; light brown. trudged. 1959), «Moon and penny»(1919, light brown. trudged. 1927, 1960), «Cakes and ale» (1930), «Edge of razor» (1944). Moem died on December, 16, 1965 in the French small town Sen-zhan-kap-ferra near Nice from pneumonia