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Long ago, the British Isles were not isles at all. Britain was part of the European continent: the English Channel did not exist and East Anglia merged into the Netherlands. Then, about 10,000 years ago - when the last Ice Age had ended, when the bones of the last mammoth had sunk into the mud of the Thames valley, when the climate grew warmer - new rivers and seas were formed and Europe was slowly formed into its present shape.

The people of Britain, like their cousins оn the continent, were simple hunters who lived оn the flesh of wild animals, which they shot with flint-tipped arrows or caught in traps. They killed fish in the estuaries and shallow rivers with spears made from the antlers of deer. They gathered wild fruit, nuts and honey, and probably ate snails, caterpillars and other grubs. They did not build permanent houses, but moved from place to place, sheltering in caves in cold weather.

The people of Britain lagged behind the people of certain warmer lands in their development. While they were still living in caves and scratching about for insects to eat, the Egyptians were building pyramids and writing literature.

Of all the stages between the cave and the skyscraper, perhaps man's greatest leap forward was taken when he became а farmer. The Stone Age farmer of about 5,000 years ago had to clear patches in the forests which covered most of Britain that was not barren heath or swamp. Не cut down trees with stone axes, burned off the scrub, and tilled the ground with а stone-headed hoe. Не kept half-wild cattle and pigs in the forest, where they could find their own food, and in treeless parts, like northern Scotland, he kept sheep. The people who grew grain in southern England had flint sickles to reap the harvest.

By the end of the Stone Age, about 2,000 BC, metal was already being used. The Beaker people, who are named after the clay mugs, or 'beakers', they made, also used bronze knives. They came to Britain from northern Europe, and started the building of the stone monuments at Stonehenge and Avebury (Эйвбери) . ..

LONDON
London is the capital of Britain. Ancient Romans founded the city two thousand years ago. It IS a political and business centre now. More than seven million people live and work there. London consists of four parts: the East End, the West End, The City and Westminster
The heart of London is the City. There are many banks and offices there. One of the interesting places in the City is the Tower of London. It was a fortress, a palace. a prison and the King's Zoo. Now it is a museum. William the Conqueror built the Tower in the 11 century. There are always 12 black ravens in the Tower. People look after them very well and feed them twice a day with meat. They believe that London will be rich while ravens live there.

The West End is full of large and superb hotels, rich supermarkets and restaurants, best cinemas and concert-halls. There are a lot of beautiful houses and wonderful gardens. Only rich people can live there. Here you can find the famous galleries and museums. The Odeon is the famous London cinema. Oxford Street is London's main shopping centre. You can find many beautiful green parks in London: Hyde Park, Kensington Garden, Green Park and St. James's Park. The biggest Zoo in the world is situated in Regent's Park.

The centre of London is Trafalgar Square. In the middle of the square stands a tall column. It is a monument to Admiral Nelson. There are four bronze lions round the statue. They look at the North, South, East and West. You can see hundreds of pigeon’s in Trafalgar Square. They hop fly around people and they can eat seeds from your hand. There are two beautiful fountains in front of the National Gallery. The main Christmas tree of Britain stands in Trafalgar Square in London.

The British museum is very old. It has a great collection of books, pictures, medals, coins, maps and other things there.

St. Paul's Cathedral is one of the greatest English churches. The famous English architect [akitekt] Sir Christopher Wren [ren] built it in the 17-n century after the Great Fire.

The political centre of London is Westminster. Whitehall is a wide street leading to Parliament Square. The Houses of Parliament are situated there. The large clock in one of the towers of the Houses of Parliament is very famous - Big Ben is the name of the clock and the bell. They got their names after Sir
Benjamin Hall. His nickname was Big Ben.

One of the most famous and gorgeous churches in London is Westminster Abbey. It is the oldest church in England Almost all English kings and queens were crowned [kraund] there Many great writers and scientists are buried in the Poet's Corner of Westminster Abbey - Charles Dickens, Rudyard Kipling, Newton and others.

The Queen of England Elizabeth II lives in Buckingham Palace. There are 600 rooms in the Palace, a large garden and a lake where pink flamingos live. Some days a week this garden is open for tourists.

I have never been to London but it is my dream to visit this wonderful city. Seeing is believing.