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CONDUCTORS AND INSULATORS
All substances are known to have some ability of conducting the electric current, however, they differ greatly in the ease with which the current can pass through them. Metals, for example, conduct electricity with ease while rubber does not allow it to flow freely. Thus, we have conductors and insulators.
What do the terms "conductors" and "insulators" mean? Substances through which electricity is easily transmitted are called conductors. Any material that strongly resists the electric current flow is known as an insulator.
Let us first turn our attention to conductance, that is the conductor's ability of passing electric charges. The four factors conductance depends on are: the size of the wire used, its length and temperature as well as the kind of material to be employed.
It is not difficult to understand that a large water pipe can pass more water, than a small one. In the same manner, a large conductor will carry the current more readily than a thinner one.
It is quite understandable, too, that to flow through a short conductor is certainly easier for the current than through a long one in spite of their being made of similar material. Hence, the longer the wire, the greater is its opposition, that is resistance, to the passage of current.
As mentioned above, there is a great difference in the conducting ability of various substances. For example, almost all metals are good electric current conductors. Nevertheless, copper carries the current more freely than iron; and silver, in its turn, is a better conductor than copper.

2.Проанализируйте и письменно переведите следующие предложения.

1. The value of current and voltage being known, we can calculate the amount of heat produced by the current.
2. We know the movement of electric charges to constitute an electric current.
3. If the current to be detected is very small, we should use a galvanometer.
4. Increasing the cross-section of the wire, we reduce the resistance to current flow.