Ребят нужна помощь с переводом! Гугл переводчик выдает ДИЧЬ)

Several Italians recorded designs for wind driven vehicles. The first was
Guido da Vigevano in 1335. It was a windmill type drive to gears and thus
to wheels. Vaturio designed a similar vehicle which was also never built.
Later Leonardo da Vinci designed a clockwork driven tricycle with tiller
steering and a differential mechanism between the rear wheels.9
A Catholic priest named Father Ferdinand Verbiest has been said to
have built a steam powered vehicle for the Chinese Emperor Chien Lung
in about 1678. There is no information about the vehicle, only the event.
Since Thomas Newcomen built his first steam engine only in 1712, we can
guess that this was possibly a model vehicle powered by a mechanism like
Hero’s steam engine, a spinning wheel with jets on the periphery.
Newcomen’s engine had a cylinder and a piston and was the first of this
kind, and it used steam as a condensing agent to form a vacuum and with
an overhead walking beam, pull on a rod to lift water. It was an enormous
thing and was strictly stationary. The steam was not under pressure, just an
open boiler piped to the cylinder. It used the same vacuum principle that
Thomas Savery had patented to lift water directly with the vacuum, which
would have limited his pump to less than 32 feet of lift. Newcomen’s lift
would have only been limited by the length of the rod and the strength of
the valve at the bottom.
Somehow Newcomen was not able to separate his invention from that
of Savery and had to pay for Savery’s rights. In 1765 James Watt developed
the first pressurized steam engine which proved to be much more efficient
and compact than the Newcomen engine.
The first vehicle to move under its own power for which there is a record
was designed by Nicholas Joseph Cugnot and constructed by M. Brezin in
1769. A replica of this vehicle is on display at the Conservatoire des Arts et
Metiers, in Paris. The Smithsonian Museum in Washington, D. C. also has
a large (half size) scale model. A second unit was built in 1770 which weighed
8,000 pounds and had a top speed on 2 miles per hour, and on the cobble
stone streets of Paris this was probably as fast as anyone wanted to go it. The
early steam powered vehicles were so heavy that they were only practical on
a perfectly flat surface as strong as iron. A road thus made out of iron rails
became the norm for the next hundred and twenty five years. The vehicles 10
got bigger and heavier and more powerful and as such they were eventually
capable of pulling a train of many cars filled with freight and passengers.
Many attempts had been made in England by the 1830’s to develop
a practical vehicle that didn’t need rails. A series of accidents and propa￾ganda from the established railroads caused a flurry of restrictive legislation
to be passed and the development of the automobile bypassed England.
Several commercial vehicles were built but they were more like trains
without tracks.
The development of the internal combustion engine had to wait until fuel
was available to combust internally. Gunpowder was tried but didn’t work
out. Gunpowder carburetors are still hard to find. The first gas really did
use gas. They used coal gas generated by heating coal in a pressure vessel
or boiler. A Frenchman named Etienne Lenoir patented the first practi￾cal gas engine in Paris in 1860 and drove a car based on the design from
Paris to Joinville in 1862. His one-half horse power engine had a bore of
5 inches and a 24 inch stroke. It was big and heavy and turned 100 rpm.
Lenoir died in 1900.
Lenoir had a separate mechanism to compress the gas before combus￾tion. In 1862, Alphonse Bear de Rochas figured out how to compress the
gas in the same cylinder in which it was to burn, which is the way we still
do it