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Пояснения к тексту
1.Herman Helmholtz - Герман Гельмгольц
2.celebrated - знаменитый, прославленный
3.ophthalmoscope - офтальмоскоп
4.colour – blindness- дальтонизм, неспособность глаза различить некоторые цвета
5.through - из-за, благодаря
6.vortex motion — вихревое движение
7.versatile – разносторонний, многосторонний
8 ultimately - в конечном счете, в конце концов
HERMAN HELMHOLTZ1 (1821-1894)
1.Herman Helmholtz is celebrated2 for his-contributions to physiology and theoretical physics. A delicate child, Helmholtz early displayed a passion for understanding things, but otherwise developed slowly, and had no marked any talent for mathematics. Although hewished to study physics, he was persuaded by his father to take up the study of medicine,entering the Medical Institute in Berlin in 1838.
2.His researches into physiological optics began about 1850 with the discovery of the ophthalmoscope3 (1851), followed by investigations into colour, including the problem of colour-blindness4. He also made fundamental contribution to the understanding of the structure and mechanism of the human eye.
3.Helmholtz's first, and most celebrated paper in theoretical physics was his article on the conservation of energy. In this paper he proved the conservation of total energy of a system of particles, which were interacting through5 central forces depending only on themasses and separations of the particles. Other important work in theoretical physics included the famous paper on vortex motion6 (1858), and the application of the principle of least action to electrodynamics problems.
4.Helmholtz was undoubtedly the most versatile7 of nineteenth-century scientists. From 1871 onwards he was perhaps more famous as a theoretical physicist than as a physiologist.But it seems probable that apart from his work on the conservation of energy he will ultimately8 be remembered more for his epoch-making researches in physiological optics and acoustics in which his talents as physiologist, physicist, mathematician and experimentalist were most vividly displayed.