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in 1834 the Central Criminal Court. often called the Old Baily, was set up by statute as the Court in which the Commissioners were to do their work. Since that time the proceedings held at the Sessions house were those of the Central Criminal Court. By the Judicature Act of 1875 the Central Criminal Court was constituted as a part of the High Court of Justice.
Its jurisdiction having been subsequently extended, the Central Criminal Court covers indictable offences ( offences other than those triable summarily before magistrates), committed within the City of London and Middlesex, and much of the surrounding country-side. It also has jurisdiction over offences committed on the High Seas ( thus inheriting the criminal jurisdiction of the Court of Admiralty. And less serious offences, if committed within the City of London, are tried at the Central Criminal Court.
The Court must sit for at least twelve sessions a year, and each sessions lasts for nearly a month. The vacations observed by the civil side of the Supreme Court have no place here. At the beginning of each session the list of persons commissioned to hear cases is read out. The persons so commissioned are the Lord Mayor of London, thr lord chancellor, all the judges of the High Court and certain other persons.
The Court may sit in two or more divisions, and these may be as many as five. The majority of the work is done by the three officials together with one or more Special Commissioners. But on the third day of each session a professional judge sits to try the most serious cases and continues until they have been disposed of.
There is a tendency towards a more humane administration of the criminal law. For many years the reform in the punishment of offences after conviction has been accompanied by a trend toward a more satisfactory treatment of accused prisoners before thy are convicted. But the old traditions die hard.