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N. I. Lobachevsky

There are scientists who seem to be born scientists. And their life is not always a bed of roses; sometimes their life turns really tragic. Lobachevsky’s life is a good example and a proof of this statement.

On February 23, 1826 a great event took place at Kazan University. N. I. Lobachevsky presented his paper “A Brief Outline of the Principles of Geometry Demonstrating the Theorem of Parallel Lines”1. That day a new geometrical system, the so-called non-Euclidian geometry, was born. It required intellectual courage to attack the theory, which was the basis of geometry for 2,000 years.

Lobachevsky challenged the parallel postulate that “through a point not on a line L there is no more than one line parallel to L” and suggested another: “through a point outside a line L there are an infinite number of lines parallel to L.” He constructed in all details a geometry, which is valid for pseudospherical surfaces, in which this postulate does not hold true.

With this discovery of non-Euclidian geometry, mathematicians realized that there are geometries different from Euclid’s, which are equally valid.

In the years that followed Lobachevsky wrote a number of works in the fields of algebra and mathematical analysis. However, they were recognized only twelve years after his death.