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SOUND REPRODUCTION

1. Sound reproduction is the process whereby a sound as it is being generated may be stored in some material medium and be recreated at some later time as desired.

2. Modern sound-reproducing systems are commonly of three types: sound on films, disc recordings and magnetic tape recordings. Sound is stored on a film as a variation in density or darkness, along a narrow strip (sound track) running the length of the film. Two types of recordings are in common use: variable width and variable density.

3. The variable width track consists of a transparent and an opaque portion with the ratio of the portions varying from position to position along the track.

4. The variable density type varies in density from position to position along the track, although the density of the blackening is the same across the track. The sound is reproduced by placing a photoelectric cell behind the track with a light source of constant intensity on the opposite side. As the film is moved along at constant speed the amount of light striking the cell varies in accordance with the sound stored. This variation is converted to a varying voltage which is then amplified and converted back to a sound by means of a loudspeaker.

5. Disc recordings constitute the most widely known method of storing sound. The recording consists of a groove cut with a diamond stylus on a hard plastic material. The stylus is made to vibrate slightly in consonance with the sound being recorded; thus the groove is not smooth but contains many wiggles, which become apparent if viewed through a reading glass. The sound is reproduced by placing a stylus in the groove and moving the storage medium at a constant speed.

6. Thus the stylus is set into vibration and this motion is converted to a voltage by use of the piezoelectric, electrodynamic or variable-reluctance principle.

7. A magnetic tape consists of a plastic strip with a coating of powdered magnetic iron oxide on one side. Sound is stored in this medium in the form of variations in the magnetization of the oxide coating. Both recordings and reproducing are accomplished through the use of a magnet with a very small spacing between the poles. The tape is moved at constant speed across the poles of the magnet. For recording the magnetic field of the magnet is varied in consonance with the sound being recorded; for reproduction a fluctuating voltage is induced in a coil wound on the magnet.

Найдите в тексте глаголы, соответствующие следующим словам, и переведите их на русский язык:

recreation, desire, variety, reproduction, constitution, vibration, reproduction.