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Флоренс Найтингейл (англ. Florence Nightingale; 12 мая 1820, Флоренция — 13 августа 1910, Лондон) — сестра милосердия и общественный деятель Великобритании. Родилась 12 мая 1820 во Флоренции. С 1837 по 1839 путешествовала с родителями по Европе. В 1849 посетила Институт диаконис в Кайзерверте (Германия) и возвратилась в Англию с твёрдым намерением стать сестрой милосердия. В октябре 1854, в период Крымской кампании, Флоренс отправилась в полевые госпитали сначала в Скутари (Турция) , а затем в Крым. Крымская война сделала Флоренс национальной героиней. Вернувшиеся с фронта солдаты рассказывали о ней легенды, называя её «леди со светильником» , потому что по ночам с лампой в руках она всегда, как добрый светлый ангел, сама обходила палаты с больными

Florence Nightingale (pronounced /′flɒrəns ′naɪtɪŋɡeɪl/; 12 May 1820 – 13 August 1910), was an English nurse, writer and statistician. She came to prominence during the Crimean War for her pioneering work in nursing, and was dubbed "The Lady with the Lamp" after her habit of making rounds at night to tend injured soldiers.

Florence Nightingale was born into a rich, upper-class, well-connected British family at the Villa Colombaia, Florence, Grand Duchy of Tuscany, and was named after the city of her birth. Florence's older sister Parthenope (pronounced [pɑ:'θi:nəpɪ]) had similarly been named after her place of birth, a Greek settlement now part of the city of Naples.

Her parents were William Edward Nightingale (1794–1874) and Frances ("Fanny") Nightingale née Smith (1789–1880).

She cared for people in poverty. In December 1844, she became the leading advocate for improved medical care in the infirmaries and immediately engaged the support of Charles Villiers, then president of the Poor Law Board. This led to her active role in the reform of the Poor Laws, extending far beyond the provision of medical care.

Nightingale returned to Britain a heroine on 7 August 1856, and, according to the BBC, was arguably the most famous Victorian after Queen Victoria herself. Nightingale moved from her family home in Middle Claydon, Buckinghamshire, to the Burlington Hotel in Piccadilly, where she was stricken by a fever, probably due to a chronic form of brucellosis ("Crimean fever") that she contracted during the Crimean war.[9] She barred her mother and sister from her room and rarely left it.
In response to an invitation from Queen Victoria – and despite the limitations of confinement to her room – Nightingale played the central role in the establishment of the Royal Commission on the Health of the Army, of which Sidney Herbert became chairman. As a woman, Nightingale could not be appointed to the Royal Commission, but she wrote the commission's 1,000-plus page report, that included detailed statistical reports, and she was instrumental in the implementation of its recommendations. The report led to a major overhaul of army military care, and to the establishment of an Army Medical School and of a comprehensive system of army medical records.

While she was still in Turkey, on 29 November 1855, a public meeting to give recognition to Florence Nightingale for her work in the war led to the establishment of the Nightingale Fund for the training of nurses. There was an outpouring of generous donations. Sidney Herbert served as honorary secretary of the fund, and the Duke of Cambridge was chairman. Nightingale was considered a pioneer in the concept of medical tourism as well, based on her letters from 1856 in which she would write of spas in Turkey detailing the health conditions, physical descriptions, dietary information, and other vitally important details of patients whom she directed there (where treatment was significantly less expensive than in Switzerland).

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