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II. Переведите
Storage Devices
Storage media are classified as primary storage or secondary storage on the basis of combinations of cost, capacity, and access time. The cost of storage devices is expressed as the cost per bit of data stored. The time required for the computer to locate the transfer data to and from a storage medium is called the access time for that medium. Capacities range from a few hundred bytes of primary for very small computers to many billions of bytes of archival for very large computer systems.
Memories may be classified as electronic or electromechanical. Electronic memories have no moving mechanical parts, and can be transferred into and out of them at very high speeds. Electromechanical memories depend upon moving mechanical parts for their operations, such as mechanisms for rotating magnetic tapes and disks. Their data access time is longer than is that of electronic memories; however they cost less per bit stored and have larger capacities for data storage. For these reasons most computer systems use electronic memory for primary storage and electromechanical memory for secondary storage.
Primary storage has the cost capacity and is the most expensive; however, it has the fastest access time. The principal primary storage circuit elements are solid-state devices: magnetic cores and semiconductors. For many years magnetic cores were the principal elements used in digital computers for primary storage. The two principal types of semiconductors used for memory are bipolar and metal-oxide semiconductors (MOS). The former is faster, the latter is more commonly used at present. Because data can be accessed randomly, semiconductor memories are referred to as random-access memory, or RAM.
There is a wide range of secondary storage devices. Typical hardware devices are rotating electromechanical devices. Magnetic tapes, disks, and drums are the secondary storage hardware most often used in computer systems for sequential processing. Magnetic tape, which was invented by the Germans during World War II for sound recording, is the oldest secondary storage medium in common use. Data are recorded in the form of small magnetized “dots” that can be arranged to represent coded patterns of bits.
Tape devices range from large-capacity, high-data-rate units used with large data processing systems to cassettes and cartridges used with small systems. Magnetic disks storage, introduced in early 1960s, has replaced magnetic tape as the main method of secondary storage. As contrasted with magnetic tapes, magnetic disks can perform both sequential and random processing. They are classified as moving-head, fixed-head, or combination moving-head and fixed-head. Magnetic disks are the predominant secondary storage media. They include flexible, or floppy disks, called diskettes.

III. Ответьте письменно на вопросы к тексту.
1.How are storage media classified?
2.How is the cost of storage devices expressed?
3.What are the two main types of storage devices?
4.What are electronic storage devices?
5.What the main secondary storage devices?
6.What is a floppy?

IV. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты.
запоминающее устройство
диапазон емкости памяти
архивная память
вращающиеся магнитные ленты и диски
полупроводникиаппаратное обеспечение вторичной памяти
намагниченные точки
последовательная и произвольная обработка
устройства с движущейся и фиксированной головкой
гибкий диск

V. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требующимся времени активного залога.
1.When I (to leave) home, it (to rain).
2.Our train starts late in the evening, so if you (to come) at seven o'clock, we still (to pack) our luggage.
3.When you (to see) him last?
4.I (to meet) him when he (to walk) across the park.