подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и укажите, являются ли они определением или обстоятельством.

1. The beginning scientist studied the explosives in his father’s laboratory.
beginning – Participle I, определение
2. He had never been to school or University but had studied privately and by the time he was twenty was a skilful chemist and excellent linguist mastering Swedish, Russian, German, French and English.
been – Participle II, входит в состав сказуемого
studied - Participle II, входит в состав сказуемого
mastering - Participle I, определение
3. When asked, we were surprised.
asked - Participle II, обстоятельство времени (является частью независимого причастного оборота - the Absolute Participial Construction)
surprised - Participle II, именная часть сказуемого
4. They saw a broken apparatus in the laboratory.
broken - Participle II, определение

1. The beginning scientist studied the explosives in his father’s laboratory.-beginning-Part I--определ
2. He had never been to school or University but had studied privately and by the time he was twenty was a skilful chemist and excellent linguist mastering Swedish, Russian, German, French and English.-been,studied--Part II--в составе сказуемого, mastering--Part I,определ
3. When asked we were surprised.-surprised-Part II-определ
4. They saw a broken apparatus in the laboratory.-broken--Part II,определ

beginning - P1 - определение
mastering - P1 - обстоятельство
asked, surprised - P2 - обстоятельство, определение
broken - P2 - определение

просьба перепроверить, могу ошибаться