Везде ли герундий

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Second, because capitalism depends on productive labor, people who cannot or will not work **risk being labeled deviant. --gerund phrase as the complement.

Third, capitalism depends on respect for authority figures, **causing people who resist authority to be labeled deviant. - object

A government study found that those convicted of fraud and punished with a fine ended up paying less than 10 percent of what they owed; most managed to hide or transfer their assets to avoid **paying up. – как дополнение

Sutherland explains that such white-collar offenses typically end up in a civil **hearing rather than a criminal courtroom. – существительное

For example, winning** athletes enjoy celebrity status because they express the values of individual achievement and competition, both vital to capitalism. – direct object

Also, Spitzer notes, we condemn using drugs of escape (marijuana, psychedelics, heroin, and crack) as deviant but encourage drugs (such as alcohol and caffeine) that promote adjustment to the status quo. – direct object

Organized crime is a business **supplying illegal goods or services. Sometimes criminal organizations force people to do business with them, as when a gang extorts money from shopkeepers for “protection.” – part of noun phrase.

Today, organized crime involves a wide range of activities, from **selling illegal drugs to prostitution to credit card fraud to selling false identification papers to illegal immigrants. - Extraposed subject

In most cases, however, organized crime involves the sale of illegal goods and services—often sex, drugs, and **gambling—to willing buyers. - object