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London
London is the capital of Great Britain, its political,
economic and commercial center.
It’s one of the largest cities in the world and the
largest city in Europe. Its population is about 9 million.
London is one
of the oldest and most interesting cities in the world.
Traditionally it’s divided into several parts: the
City, Westminster, the West End and the East End. They are very different from
each other and seem to belong to different towns and epochs.
The heart of London is the City, its financial and
business center. Numerous banks, offices and firms are situated there,
including the Bank of England, the Stock Exchange and the Old Baily. Few people
live here, but over a million people come to the City to work. There are some
famous ancient buildings within the City. Perhaps the most striking of them in
St. Paul’s Cathedral, the greatest of British churches. St. Paul’s Cathedral
has always dominated the center of London. It stands on the site of former
Saxon and Norman churches. They latter were destroyed in the Great Fire and the
present building, completed in 1710, is the work of the eminent architect Sir
Christopher Wren. It is an architectural masterpiece.
The Tower of London was one of the first and most impressive
castles built after the Norman invasion of England in 1066. Since the times of
William 1 various kings have built and extended the Tower of London and used it
for many purposes. The Tower has been used as a royal palace, an observatory,
an arsenal, a state prison, and many famous and infamous people have been
executed within its walls. It is now a museum.
Across the road from Westminster Abbey is Westminster
Palace, or the Houses of Parliament, the seat of the British Parliament. The
Parliament of the UK of Great Britain and Northern Ireland consists of the
House of Lords and the House of Commons. The House of Lords consists of just
over 1,000 members of the different grades of nobility dukes, marquesses,
earls, viscounts and barons. In the House of Commons there are 650 members.
They are elected by secret ballot by men and women aged 18 and over.
Every Parliament is divided into Sessions. Each of
these may last a year and usually begins early in November. The Clock Tower,
which contains the hour-bell called Big Ben, is known the world over. The bell
is named after Sir Benjamin Hall.
Buckingham Palace is the official residence of the
Queen.
The West End is the richest and most beautiful part of
London. It is the symbol of wealth and luxury. The best hotels, shops,
restaurants, clubs, and theatres are situated there. There are splendid houses
and lovely gardens belonging to wealthy people.
Trafalgar Square is the geographical center of London.
It was named in memory of Admiral Nelson’s victory in the battle of Trafalgar
in 1805. The tall Nelson’s Column stands in the middle of the square.
The East End is the poorest district of London. There
are a lot of factories, work- shops and docks here. The streets are narrow, the
buildings are unimpressive. The East. End is densely populated
by working class families.