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Herman Helmnoltz (1821-1894)
Herman Helmnoltz Is celebrated (2) for his contributions to physiology and theoretical physics . A delicate child , Helmnoltz early displayed a passion for understanding things , but otherwise developed slowly , and had no marked early talent for mathematics . Although he wished to study physics , he was persuaded by his father to take up the study of medicine entering the Medical institute at Berlin in 1838.
His researches into physiological optics began about 1850 with the discovery of the ophthalmoscope (3) (1851), fallowed by investigations into colour , including the problem of colour-blindness (4). He also made fundamental contribution to the understanding of the structure and mechanism.
Helmnoltz s first , and most celebrated paper in theoretical physics was his article on the conservation of force . In this paper he proved the conservation of total energy of a system of particles which were interacting through(5) central forces depending only on the masses and separations of the particles. Other important work in theoretical physics included the famous paper on vortex motion (6) (1858) , and the application of the principle of least action to electrodynamical problems.
Helmnoltz was undoubtedly the most versatile (7) of nineteenth-Century scientists. From 1871 onwards he was perhaps more famous as a theoretical physicist than as a physiologist. But it seems probable that apart from his work on the conservation of energy he will ultimately (8) be remembered more for his epoch-making researches in physiological optics and acoustics in which his talents as physiologist , physicist, mathematician and experimentalist of genius were most vividly displayed.