Почему в английском столько много фразовых глаголов, означающих прибытие, отъезд, возвращение ?

а вы не всё перечислили!
Phrasal Verbs:
go about -
To set about to do; undertake
go along -
To cooperate
go around
1. To satisfy a demand or requiremenт
2. To go here and there
3. To have currency
go at
1. To attack, especially with energy.
2. To approach; undertake: He went at the job with a lot of energy.
go by
1. To elapse; pass: as time goes by.
2. To pay a short visit: My parents were away when we went by last week.
go down
1.
a. To drop below the horizon
b. To fall to the ground
c. To sinк
d. To experience defeat or ruin.
2. To admit of easy swallowing
3. To decrease in cost or value.
4. Chiefly British To leave a university.
5. Slang To occur; happen: "a collection of memorable pieces about the general craziness that was going down in those days" (James Atlas).
6.
a. To be accepted or tolerated: How will your ideas go down as far as corporate marketing is concerned?
b. To come to be remembered in posterity: a debate that will go down as a turning point in the campaign.
7. Vulgar Slang To perform fellatio or cunnilingus.
go for
1. Informal To have a special liking for: I really go for progressive jazz.
2. To attack: an opponent who is known to go for the jugular in arguments.
3. To pass for or serve as: a couch that also goes for a bed.
go in
1. To take part in a cooperative venture: went in with the others to buy a present.
2. To make an approach, as before an attack: Troops went in at dawn.
go into
1. To discuss or investigate: The book goes into classical mythology.
2. To undertake as a profession or course of study: She's going into medicine.
go off
1. To undergo detonation; explode.
2. To make a noise; sound: The siren went off at noon.
3. To leave: Don't go off mad.
4. Informal To adhere to the expected course of events or the expected plan: The project went off smoothly.
go on
1. To take place; happen: didn't know what was going on.
2.
a. To continue: Life must go on.
b. To keep on doing (something): Don't go on talking.
c. To proceed: She went on to become a senator.
3. Informal To talk volubly: My, you do go on.
go out
1. To become extinguished.
2.
a. To go outdoors; leave one's residence: He went out at seven.
b. To take part in social life outside the home: goes out a lot.
3. To become unfashionable: High boots went out last year.
4. To undergo structural collapse: The bridge went out.
go over
1. To gain acceptance or approval: a new style that didn't go over.
2. To examine or review: go over the test scores.
go through
1. To examine carefully: went through the students' papers.
2. To experience: We went through hell while working on this project.
3. To perform: I went through the sonata in 30 minutes.
go under
1. To suffer defeat or destruction; fail.
2. To lose consciousness.
go up
1. To increase in price or value.
2. To be in the process of construction: Office buildings went up all over town.
3. Chiefly British To go to a university.
go with
1. To date (someone) regularly.
2. To select or choose: decided to go with the pink wallpaper.
Idioms:
from the word go
From the very beginning.
go all the way
Slang To have sexual intercourse.
go back on
To fail to honor or keep: go back on a promise.
go begging
To be in little or no demand: "Prestige or no prestige, directors' jobs at some companies have actually gone begging" (Bill Powell).
go belly up Informal
To undergo total financial failure
To undergo financial collapse: "Railroads were in the news mainly when they were going bust" (Christian Science Monitor).
go by the board
To be discarded or ignored: old dress codes that have now gone by the board.
go down the line
To provide strong

Ага. А ещё arrive, depart, return...

еще come, run, pass и т. п. ))))