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1) INTAKE OF THE FUEL TO CYLINDER.
When the piston moves downward or away from the cylinder head,it creates a
partial vacuum within the cylinder. At this time the intake valve opens a
passageway between the cylinder and the supply of fuel mixture. The fuel
mixture is forced into the cylinder by atmospheric pressure.
2) COMPRESSION OF FUEL MIXTURE. When the piston begins its upward
stroke,the intake valve closes and the fuel mixture is trapped in the cylinder.
When this upward stroke is completed,the fuel mixture is compressed into a
space about one-sixth of what is occupied at the end of the intake stroke. The
pressure on the confined fuel mixture and also its temperature have greatly
increased,when ignited it will burn rapidly and forcefully.
3) POWER STROKE OF THE PISTON. Just as the fuel mixture is fully
compressed, it is ignited by an electric spark. This spark is delivered by the
ignition system when the piston is in the proper position near the end of its
compression stroke. The burning fuel causes a high pressure within the cylinder
and forces the piston away from the cylinder head. This second downward stroke
of the piston gives power.
4) EXHAUST OF BURNED GASES! After a charge of fuel has been consumed,we
must clean out the cylinder of the burned gases(carbon dioxide,water
vapor,etc.)before another charge can be admitted. Whis is done by the second
upward stroke of the piston. On this stroke the exhaust valve is open and
burned gases are pushed out. When the exhaust stroke is finished, the cycle
begins again with the intake of a fresh fuel charge.
In most farm tractor engines four pston strokes (complete upward or
downward movements) are required to accomplish these four functions. These
engines are called "four-stroke cycle" or for short "four
cycle".
In some of our Diesel tractors we use "two-cycle" engines:
two-cycle engines accomplish these four events with two piston strokes. Diesel
tractors were used, are being used and will be used in our country.